From telecom-request@delta.eecs.nwu.edu Wed May 10 12:40:22 1995 by 1995 12:40:22 -0400 telecomlist-outbound; Wed, 10 May 1995 09:02:08 -0500 1995 09:02:06 -0500 To: telecom@eecs.nwu.edu TELECOM Digest Wed, 10 May 95 09:02:00 CDT Volume 15 : Issue 235 Inside This Issue: Editor: Patrick A. Townson Country Codes (Clive D.W. Feather) Virtual Amateur Radio on the NET (Arthur Chandler) Re: U.S. Federal Suggestion Box in Cyberspace (Bradley Ward Allen) Re: Question About Calling Cards (Andrew Starte) Re: Phone Question Regards Transmission Problems (John Combs) Re: Mexico Billing Method: Digit Analysis or Meter Pulse? (David Gay) TELECOM Digest is an electronic journal devoted mostly but not exclusively to telecommunications topics. It is circulated anywhere there is email, in addition to various telecom forums on a variety of public service systems and networks including Compuserve and America On Line. 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Any organizations listed are for identification purposes only and messages should not be considered any official expression by the organization. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- After the discussions about the Ukraine's new code and other related changes, I've updated my list of country codes, which I thought the readership might like. Clive D.W. Feather clive@stdc.demon.co.uk # A line beginning with # is a comment. # Codes after the country code # n: not used at present # s: shared with another country or territory # c: will change in the future # Within descriptions, &12 means area code 12 within country code # Tone codes (first is ring, second is engaged): # A: double ring, repeated regularly (UK ringing tone) # B: equal length on/off tones - about 1Hz (UK & USA engaged tone) # C: slow equal length on/off tones # D: fast equal length on/off tones - 2Hz to 3Hz # E: tones separated by long pauses (USA ringing tone) # F: long tones separated by short pauses # The codes immediately before the name are the ISO 3166 two letter code # for the country or territory. All countries/territories listed in ISO # 3166 are listed here, and the ISO name is used. 1 s AB AI Anguilla (&809) 1 s EF AG Antigua and Barbuda (&809) 1 s CB BS Bahamas, Commonwealth of the (&809) 1 s EB BB Barbados (&809) 1 s CB BM Bermuda (&809) 1 s AB VG British Virgin Islands (&809) 1 s EB CA Canada 1 s CB KY Cayman Islands (&809) 1 s AB DM Dominica, Commonwealth of (&809) 1 s EB DO Dominican Republic (&809) 1 s AB GD Grenada (&809) 1 s EB JM Jamaica (&809) 1 s AB MS Montserrat (&809) 1 s CB PR Puerto Rico (&809) 1 s AB KN Saint Kitts and Nevis (&809) 1 s AB LC Saint Lucia (&809) 1 s AB VC Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (&809) 1 c AB TT Trinidad and Tobago, Republic of (&809, see 296) 1 s FD TC Turks and Caicos Islands (&809) 1 s CB VI US Virgin Islands (&809) 1 s UM United States Minor Outlying Islands (&808) 1 s EB US United States of America 20 CF EG Egypt, Arab Republic of 210 MA (reserved for Morocco) 211 MA (reserved for Morocco) 212 s EB MA Morocco, Kingdom of 212 s EH Western Sahara (&8) 213 CB DZ Algeria, People's Democratic Republic of 214 DZ (reserved for Algeria) 215 DZ (reserved for Algeria) 216 EB TN Tunisia, Republic of 217 TN (reserved for Tunisia) 218 CF LY Libyan Arab Jamahiriya S'list P. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 219 LY (reserved for Libya) 220 AB GM Gambia, Republic of the 221 CD SN Senegal, Republic of 222 MR Mauritania, Islamic Republic of 223 CB ML Mali, Republic of 224 EC GN Guinea, Revolutionary People's Rep'c of 225 CD CI Cote D'Ivoire, Ivory Coast, Republic of the 226 EB BF Burkina Faso 227 CF NE Niger, Republic of the 228 CB TG Togo, Togolese Republic 229 CB BJ Benin, People's Republic of 230 AB MU Mauritius 231 ED LR Liberia, Republic of 232 CB SL Sierra Leone, Republic of 233 ED GH Ghana, Republic of 234 CF NG Nigeria, Federal Republic of 235 CB TD Chad, Republic of 236 EB CF Central African Republic 237 EB CM Cameroon, United Republic of 238 CD CV Cape Verde, Republic of 239 CB ST Sao Tome and Principe, Democratic Republic of 240 GQ Equatorial Guinea, Republic of 241 EB GA Gabon, Gabonese Republic 242 CD CG Congo, People's Republic of 243 CD ZR Zaire, Republic of 244 CD AO Angola, Republic of 245 EC GW Guinea-Bissau, Republic of 246 IO British Indian Ocean Territory 247 [EA]B GB Ascension Island 248 AB SC Seychelles, Republic of 249 SD Sudan, Democratic Republic of the 250 CB RW Rwanda, Rwandese Republic 251 ED ET Ethiopia 252 CB SO Somalia, Somali Democratic Republic 253 EB DJ Djibouti, Republic of 254 AF KE Kenya, Republic of 255 AD TZ Tanzania, United Republic of (includes Zanzibar &54) 256 [AC]E UG Uganda, Republic of 257 CB BI Burundi, Republic of 258 EB MZ Mozambique, People's Republic of 259 TZ (assigned to Zanzibar, see 255) 260 EF ZM Zambia, Republic of 261 CB MG Madagascar, Republic of 262 CB RE Reunion 263 AB ZW Zimbabwe 264 AB NA Namibia 265 ED MW Malawi, Republic of 266 AD LS Lesotho, Kingdom of 267 AB BW Botswana, Republic of 268 AB SZ Swaziland, Kingdom of 269 s KM Comoros, Federal and Islamic Republic of 269 s YT Mayotte 27 AB ZA South Africa, Republic of 280 -- Spare 281 -- Spare 282 -- Spare 283 -- Spare 284 -- Spare 285 -- Spare 286 -- Spare 287 -- Spare 288 -- Spare 289 -- Spare 290 FB SH St. Helena 291 ER Eritrea 292 -- Spare 293 -- Spare 294 -- Spare 295 ED SM San Marino, Republic of (never used and withdrawn, see 378) 296 n AB TT Trinidad and Tobago, Republic of (see 1) 297 EB AW Aruba 298 ED FO Faeroe Islands 299 ED GL Greenland 30 ED GR Greece, Hellenic Republic 31 ED NL Netherlands, Kingdom of the 32 CD BE Belgium, Kingdom of 33 c CB AD Andorra, Principality of (&628, see 376) 33 s CB FX France (Metropolitan) 33 c CB MC Monaco, Principality of (&93, see 377) 34 ED ES Spain, Spanish State 350 AB GI Gibraltar 351 EB PT Portugal, Portuguese Republic 352 ED LU Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of 353 AB IE Ireland 354 CD IS Iceland, Republic of 355 AL Albania, People's Socialist Republic of 356 AB MT Malta, Republic of 357 AF CY Cyprus, Republic of 358 ED FI Finland, Republic of 359 ED BG Bulgaria, People's Republic of 36 FD HU Hungary, Hungarian People's Republic 370 LT Lithuania 371 LV Latvia 372 EE Estonia 373 MD Moldova, Republic of 374 n EB AM Armenia 375 n EB BY Belarus 376 n CB AD Andorra, Principality of (see 33) 377 n CB MC Monaco, Principality of (see 33) 378 n ED SM San Marino, Republic of (see 39) 379 n ED VA Vatican City State (see 39) 380 EB UA Ukraine 381 YU Montenegro and Serbia 382 -- Spare 383 -- Spare 384 -- Spare 385 HR Hrvatska (Croatia) 386 SI Slovenia 387 BA Bosnia and Herzegowina 388 -- Spare 389 MK Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of 39 s ED IT Italy, Italian Republic 39 c ED SM San Marino, Republic of (&541, see 295 and 378), 39 c ED VA Vatican City State (&66982, see 379) 40 CB RO Romania, Socialist Republic of 41 s EB LI Liechtenstein, Principality of (&75) 41 s EB CH Switzerland, Swiss Confederation 42 s ED CZ Czech Republic (&1 to &6) 42 s ED SK Slovakia (&7 to &9) 43 ED AT Austria, Republic of 44 AB GB United Kingdom of Great Britain & N. Ireland 45 BD DK Denmark, Kingdom of 46 ED SE Sweden, Kingdom of 47 s BV Bouvet Island 47 s ED NO Norway, Kingdom of 47 s SJ Svalbard & Jan Mayen Islands (&795) 48 EB PL Poland, Polish People's Republic 49 ED DE Germany 500 EB FK Falkland Islands 501 ED BZ Belize 502 CD GT Guatemala, Republic of 503 EB SV El Salvador, Republic of 504 CD HN Honduras, Republic of 505 EB NI Nicaragua, Republic of 506 EB CR Costa Rica, Republic of 507 EA PA Panama, Republic of 508 CB PM St. Pierre et Miquelon 509 [EF]B HT Haiti, Republic of 51 EB PE Peru, Republic of 52 ED MX Mexico, United Mexican States 53 CB CU Cuba, Republic of 54 EB AR Argentina, Argentine Republic 55 EB BR Brazil, Federative Republic of 56 AB CL Chile, Republic of 57 ED CO Colombia, Republic of 58 CD VE Venezuela, Republic of 590 CF GP Guadaloupe, including St. Barthelemy and French St. Martin 591 EB BO Bolivia, Republic of 592 AB GY Guyana, Republic of 593 ED EC Ecuador, Republic of 594 ED GF French Guiana 595 EB PY Paraguay, Republic of 596 CB MQ Martinique 597 EB SR Suriname, Republic of 598 EB UY Uruguay, Eastern Republic of 599 EB AN Netherlands Antilles 60 AB MY Malaysia 61 AB AU Australia, Commonwealth of 61 AB CC Cocos Islands 62 EB ID Indonesia, Republic of 63 EB PH Philippines, Republic of the 64 AB NZ New Zealand 65 AB SG Singapore, Republic of 66 ED TH Thailand, Kingdom of 670 EB MP Northern Mariana Islands 671 EB GU Guam 672 s AB AQ Antarctica (the territory South of 60 deg S) (&1) 672 s AB CX Christmas Island (&4) 672 s AB HM Heard and McDonald Islands 672 s AB NF Norfolk Island (&3) 673 AB BN Brunei Darussalam 674 EB NR Nauru, Republic of 675 AB PG Papua New Guinea 676 EB TO Tonga, Kingdom of 677 DB SB Solomon Islands 678 ED VU Vanuatu 679 AF FJ Fiji 680 EB PW Palau 681 WF Wallis and Futuna Islands 682 AB CK Cook Islands 683 NU Niue 684 EB AS American Samoa 685 AB WS Samoa, Independent State of Western 686 EB KI Kiribati 687 CB NC New Caledonia 688 TV Tuvalu 689 CB PF French Polynesia 690 TK Tokelau 691 EB FM Micronesia, Federated States of 692 EB MH Marshall Islands 693 -- Spare 694 -- Spare 695 -- Spare 696 -- Spare 697 -- Spare 698 -- Spare 699 -- Spare 7 c EB AM Armenia (see 374) 7 c EB BY Belarus (see 375) 7 c EB GE Georgia (see 995) 7 s EB KZ Kazakhstan 7 s EB KG Kyrgyz Republic 7 s EB RU Russian Federation 7 s EB TJ Tajikistan 7 s EB TM Turkmenistan 7 s EB UZ Uzbekistan 800 -- Reserved for international called-party-pays services 801 -- Spare 802 -- Spare 803 -- Spare 804 -- Spare 805 -- Spare 806 -- Spare 807 -- Spare 808 -- Spare 809 -- Spare 81 EB JP Japan 82 FB KR Korea, Republic of (South) 830 -- Spare 831 -- Spare 832 -- Spare 833 -- Spare 834 -- Spare 835 -- Spare 836 -- Spare 837 -- Spare 838 -- Spare 839 -- Spare 84 VN Viet Nam, Socialist Republic of 850 ED KP Korea, Democratic People's Republic of (North) 851 -- Spare 852 AB HK Hong Kong 853 EB MO Macau 854 -- Spare 855 KH Cambodia, Kingdom of 856 LA Lao People's Democratic Republic 857 -- Spare 858 -- Spare 859 -- Spare 86 CB CN China, People's Republic of (&6 assigned to Taiwan, see 886) 870 -- Reserved for Inmarsat 871 -- Inmarsat (Atlantic East) 872 -- Inmarsat (Pacific) 873 -- Inmarsat (Indian) 874 -- Inmarsat (Atlantic West) 875 -- Reserved for Inmarsat 876 -- Reserved for Inmarsat 877 -- Reserved for Inmarsat 878 -- Reserved for national mobile telephone purposes 879 -- Reserved for national mobile telephone purposes 880 AB BD Bangladesh, People's Republic of 881 -- Spare 882 -- Spare 883 -- Spare 884 -- Spare 885 -- Spare 886 EB TW Taiwan (normally used, but not ITU-T allocation - see 86) 887 -- Spare 888 -- Spare 889 -- Spare 89 -- Reserved for payment codes (e.g. 891228 = AT&T calling card) 90 EB TR Turkey, Republic of (including Turkish Cyprus &5) 91 AB IN India, Republic of ·_ 92 [EA][BD] PK Pakistan, Islamic Republic of 93 AF Afghanistan, Islamic State of 94 AB LK Sri Lanka, Democratic Socialist Republic of 95 EB MM Myanmar 960 AF MV Maldives, Republic of 961 CB LB Lebanon, Lebanese Republic 962 AB JO Jordan, Hashemite Kingdom of 963 EB SY Syrian Arab Republic 964 AB IQ Iraq, Republic of 965 EB KW Kuwait, State of 966 EB SA Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 967 EB YE Yemen (former Yemen Arab Republic part) 968 FB OM Oman, Sultanate of 969 ED YE Yemen (former Yemen Democratic Republic part) 970 -- Spare 971 AB AE United Arab Emirates 972 EB IL Israel, State of 973 AB BH Bahrain, State of 974 AB QA Qatar, State of 975 AC BT Bhutan, Kingdom of 976 MN Mongolia, Mongolian People's Republic 977 CE NP Nepal, Kingdom of 978 -- Spare 979 -- Spare 98 ED IR Iran, Islamic Republic of 990 -- Spare 991 -- Spare 992 -- Spare 993 -- Spare 994 AZ Azerbaijan 995 n EB GE Georgia 996 -- Spare 997 -- Spare 998 -- Spare 999 -- Spare ??? TP East Timor ??? TF French Southern Territories ??? PN Pitcairn Island ??? GS South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands # Notes on spare codes. # A spare code in the same zone (first digit) should be used if available, # otherwise a spare code in an adjacent zone, otherwise a spare code in # the zone with the most spares left. Isolated spare codes should be used # first; if there are none, use the lowest code in the same zone, or the # highest code in another zone. # 88x spare codes are not to be used until all other 8xx spare codes have # been used. ------------------------------ BayMOO, an all-text virtual reality on the Internet, has implemented a striking new techology for amateur radio operators (Hams). BayMOO has just opened its Virtual Ham Central, a virtual room which is linked to a server in Canada, which in turn is connected to hundreds of packet radio stations all over the world. Anyone can enter the room and follow several conversations at once -- usually in different languages. Only licensed Ham operators can transmit from the room. A licensed ham tells his or her callsign to Dr.J or Akira -- the owners and builders of the room -- who then registers the visitor's callsign in the room. After the server link is activated, whatever the operator types after the % sign is sent out over the link to all connected packet stations. A typical conversation might look like this: ************************************************************* Hello -- anyone here tonight? Boa noite -- Alguem aqui fala Portugues? Good evening, KO6OA -- we are recovering from the big storm in Texas. Bonsoir -- Jean QTH Quebec ici. Ola, PY2NG. Como esta o tempo em Rio? Heard about that, KE5IIE. Any hams involved in emergency communications? Bonsoir, Jean, de Joao QTH Rio. ************************************************************* The Virtual Ham Center gives amateur radio operators a chance to communicate with each other via text in a much faster and more error-free medium than ever before. To reach the Virtual Ham Center at BayMOO: telnet baymoo.sfsu.edu 8888 Login as guest, then type @go Virtual Ham Center For more information, contact jeremy@crl.com ------------------------------ key) In article , wrote: > In , Donald E. Kimberlin > <0004133373@mcimail.com> wrote about a federal suggestion box. > It would be nice if a million or so people just told them to put all > federal documents (especially the tens of thousands of pages of > federal regulations) online (with commercial contractors), then fire > everybody in the federal government and start over from scratch. (Zero > base head count). That would certainly be nice. Problem is those employees are human, and there are a couple of functions that are actually vital. Like the CDC, and many would argue the DoD (as little as I like them I tend to agree). However, in the long run even *these* agencies and our society *may* (or may not) benefit from your reorganization implementation plan. Definately they can both use a lot more computerization. Ahh, my brain is synapsing about the efforts of the people to bandage what sores a bully-operated system creates. My brain feels happier when it synapses about telecommunications and free information access to all government documents ... ------------------------------ Thomas Feiner of Munich, Germany said: > As I arrived at Atlanta Airport, I bought a prepaid phonecard from > U.S. Telecard. I was very happy about the message features. I had a > special message PIN (different to the PIN which is needed to place a > call), who allowed anybody who knew the PIN to leave me messages. This > call was free for the caller, only I had to pay 80c for each message. > Now, I would like to use this feature for international calls > (especially from Germany). The problem is, that 800 numbers can not be > reached from outside the U.S. > So I would like to know if there are calling-cards (prepid or not) > with an international message feature. I am interested in general > information about calling-cards too. Unitel is a UK based phonecard service provider. We focus in Intra European business, so our rates are likely to be better for an European. We also handle the BIG European problem of dial pulse phones. Yes we can currently offer a message forwarding service on "no answer" or engaged" calls and plan to offer voicemail type features within 3 months. Our cards are also rechargeable be credit card. Mail me if you are interested in taking this further. TTFN Andrew Starte Unitel Communications Limited (Principal UK Calling & Pre-paid Phone Card Service Providers) For further details of our products and services e-mail to unitelcomms@cix.compulink.co.uk or telephone +44 1737 778 779. ------------------------------ Anthony W Collins writes in TELECOM Digest Volume 15, Issue 217: >> Jack Mott writes: >> We have recently added a third extension for our house. Once every >> four or five calls, the phone will stop sending my voice (I can still >> hear the other party). This happens regardless of which phone is >> attached to the third extension, even an old and reliable Bell System >> phone. We do not experience this problem on the other two extensions. > What you describe is not possible. From your description the problem > is with the four wire part of the circuit transmitter to hybrid in the > set which usually ends up being the handset cord or the transmitter > contacts (clean with an ereaser) I have to dispute the problem being > in your jack wiring back to the central office. It may help to call > your telephone repair department and request a full test on your line > by a technician If you get a bad test disconnect any wiring that you > are responsible for and have them test again and get a dispatch if > their part of the line is bad so as not to incur any charges. It is > always helpful to clear up other minor problems when you are > troubleshooting. A little knowledge is always a dangerous thing. The problem that Jack is describing could very easily be caused by a faulty subscriber carrier system. In fact, he mentions he just added a third line to the house. It's entirely possible that there were only two pairs going to the house, and the telco used a two channel subscriber carrier such as a GTE 84A to piggyback the third "line" onto one of the two copper pairs. Or he could be served by a larger carrier system such as an AT&T SLC 5 or SLC 96, and just happens to have a defective line card on the third line to his house. Unfortunately, the problem is intermittent, so he will no doubt have trouble convincing the telco to keep trying until it shows up. John Combs, Project Engineer, TestMark Laboratories, testmark@mcimail.com ------------------------------ In article Jan Hinnerk Haul writes: > In comp.dcom.telecom is written: > Does Mexico / Central America use a digit analysis method for > calculating charges, or a metered pulse method? What I'm actually > refering to is the SMDR output on a PBX. I believe the U.S. is in the > minority in using digit analysis, or am I wrong? Well, it depends ... Most countries (errr ... PTTs / carriers) give call supervision data to the PBX in some form or the other. Typical methods are high-frequency pulses on top of the voice signal (e.g., Germany uses 16 khz). These pulses are filtered out by the PBX. Each pulse signals that one "unit" or "tick" of charge applies. Other possible methods are a 50hz signal, and polarity reversal (between the A & B lines). The drawback of number analysis is, of course, that no call supervision is possible, letting users being "billed" with uncompleted calls if they wait longer than the set timeout period and letting very brief calls unbilled. If your interest is mainly to catch the expensive calls, like an office setup, this is fine. When you want to bill the calls (like an hotel setup), it is not as easily acceptable. Payphones in some countries use digit analysis, but detect the start of the call with one of the above methods (polarity reversal, etc), thus avoiding that particular problem. David Gay dgay@di.epfl.ch ------------------------------ End of TELECOM Digest V15 #235 ******************************